Groundwater is an increasingly important source of water supply for agriculture, households, and industry. Generally, groundwater is naturally protected against pollution, can be exploited anywhere depending on the local conditions, and has a year-round availability. With population growth and increasing climate variability, groundwater plays an increasingly important role in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) to enhance water and food security. More than 50% of communities in RSA, especially living in the arid and semi-arid areas, depend on groundwater for their domestic and livelihood needs. However, with increasing pressure on groundwater and intensive land-use, the resource is vulnerable to depletion and degradation. This is compounded by limited capacity and inadequate resources allocated to its protection and sustainable management. Intensification of use and poor management potentially leads to adverse impacts on ecosystems, water access, human health, and agricultural production.